Acne is a widespread skin condition arising from the obstruction of hair follicles beneath the skin. These follicles are linked to sebaceous/oil glands that produce sebum, an oil that moisturises the skin. When dead skin cells or sebum accumulate, they clog the pores, leading to the development of pimples or zits. Although these outbreaks typically emerge on the face, they can also surface on the chest, back, and shoulders. For efficient treatment and prevention, it is essential to understand the type of acne and its underlying causes.
Apollo features some of the best dermatologists in Kolkata and all over India, who have experience in treating skin conditions — acne, rashes, pimples, and much more. You can opt for online consultations and physical doctor appointments that suit you the best, via Apollo 24|7.
Symptoms of Acne and the Treatment Option
Acne can present with a variety of symptoms and based on the severity of acne, the treatment method may vary:
| Symptoms/Variety of Acne | Treatment Options |
| Whiteheads: Whiteheads are small bumps on the skin’s surface that develop when hair follicles become obstructed with oil and dead skin cells. | To unclog pores, dermatologists recommend using a retinoid. You can buy one retinoid, adapalene, without a prescription. Apart from that you can use a benzoyl peroxide wash. It can help get rid of the excess P. acnes bacteria on your skin. In case the whiteheads and blackheads are stubborn, treatment of 6-8 weeks is recommended. If you still see blemishes, a technique like “comedo” (the medical term for blackheads and whiteheads) extraction may be done by the dermatologist. Prescription-strength acne treatment is another option. |
| Blackheads: Blackheads are small, dark spots that arise when hair follicles become obstructed with oil and dead skin cells, and the top of the plug darkens due to oxidation | |
| Papules: Papules are small, elevated, and red bumps on the skin that form when hair follicles become inflamed due to bacterial infection. | To clear this type of acne blemish, an acne face wash that contains benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid is recommended. If you have a lot of papules, it can be helpful to see a dermatologist. |
| Pustules: Pustules have similarities to papules, but they are filled with pus and evolve when hair follicles become inflamed and white blood cells build up in the follicle. | To treat this, an acne face wash that contains salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide is used. You must not pop these, as it can worsen the acne. If there is no difference after 6-8 weeks, visit a dermatologist. |
| Cysts and nodular acne: Cysts are large and painful bumps that occur deep within the skin. They grow further when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, and bacterial infection occurs. Nodular acne is a severe form of acne that causes pimples on the skin’s surface and leads to painful and tender lumps underneath it. | These acne blemishes penetrate deep into the skin and often cause permanent acne scars when they heal. You need to see a dermatologist to treat it. The earlier you start the treatment, the less permanent scars will be there. |
Apart from topical treatments treatment methods (creams, gels, and lotions), the following methods are also implemented in case of acne:
- Oral medications: These include antibiotics, anti-androgen agents, isotretinoin, etc. for consumption.
- Chemical peels: This procedure involves applying a chemical solution to the skin to eliminate dead skin cells and unclog pores.
- Drainage and extraction: This procedure involves a dermatologist using a tool to extract blackheads and whiteheads.
- Light therapy: This treatment uses different types of light sources (frequencies) to treat acne. More studies need to be done for the effectiveness.
How to Manage Acne?
To get the best results from your acne treatment, board-certified dermatologists recommend these tips.
- Keep your skin clean: With the help of a gentle, non-abrasive cleanser, you can wash your skin with your fingertips, as and when there is dirt or you are sweating.
- Opt for the right skincare regime: Go for gentle skin care products and ones that are labelled as “alcohol-free” and “non-comedogenic”. Avoid products that can irritate/dry your skin, including toners, astringents, and exfoliants. Also, do not try new acne treatments without medical supervision, as it can worsen the condition.
- Clean your scalp or shampoo regularly: If you have an oily scalp/hair, shampoo more often than you do now (2-3 times a week).
- Do not touch your face repeatedly: Touching, squeezing or popping can cause acne to flare and will require more time to clear. Moreover, it can lead to scarring and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Avoid going out too much under the sun: Tanning can damage your skin and can worsen acne. Some acne medications can lead to sensitive skin, which is more prone to damage by ultraviolet rays. Applying a broad-spectrum and water-resistant sunscreen with 30+ SPF and a label of “non-comedogenic” will be a powerful shield.
- Follow a healthy diet routine: Avoid sugary and fatty foods, and Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, etc.
- Manage stress and hormonal levels: Any hormonal imbalances due to stress can lead to acne. So, try to manage stress through lifestyle modifications — exercise, meditation, or other relaxation techniques.
Conclusion
Acne is a temporary skin condition, but it can really take a toll on your mental health and self-confidence. Sometimes, over-the-counter skin care products just aren’t enough, and prescription medications may be necessary to get your acne under control.
Dermatologists are experts who can treat existing acne conditions, prevent new breakouts from forming, and reduce your chance of developing scars. So, if you keep seeing breakouts after following these tips, consult Dr Atul Taneja, who has 30 years of experience and is one of the best dermatologists in Kolkata.
Also read: Be Careful What You Eat: What Foods Can Cause Acne?
